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- July 11, 1983A Man Who Believed in MankindR. Buckminster Fuller: 1895-1983
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- He was an American Original, a cranky genius and an ingenious
- crank. He liked to call himself "an engineer, inventor,
- mathematician, architect, cartographer, philosopher, poet,
- cosmologist, comprehensive designer and choreographer." He was
- also a mystical optimist who believed in the survival of mankind
- against whatever odds.
-
- Through technology, R. (for Richard) Buckminster Fuller would
- say, "man can do anything he needs to do." He urged young
- people to "reform the environment instead of trying to reform
- man." He argued, in the face of the Malthusian theory of human
- overpopulation and ultimate self-destruction, that "the entire
- population of the earth could live compactly on a properly
- designed Haiti and comfortably on the British Isles." He once
- declared that "man has the capability through proper planning
- and use of natural resources to forever feed himself and house
- himself and live in workless leisure." He dreamed of mile-high
- floating cities and of a Manhattan enshrouded in a gargantuan
- plastic dome. But he was more than just a dreamer. When he
- died of a heart attack last week at 87, while visiting his wife
- at a Los Angeles hospital, "Bucky" Fuller left behind him, in
- the real world, thousands of geodesic domes that are used as
- theaters, auditoriums and defense facilities as well as dwelling
- places.
-
- The descendant of a distinguished New England family, Fuller was
- the fifth generation of his family to go to Harvard. He was
- expelled in 1914 for blowing his tuition and expense money on
- a spree for the members of a Broadway chorus line. He worked
- in a Canadian machinery factory, was invited back to Harvard,
- was expelled for a second time, served in the Navy during World
- War I and went on to study science at the Naval Academy in
- Annapolis. During the 1920s he spent five years in an alcoholic
- depression following the death of a four-year-old daughter. One
- night in 1927, while standing on the shore of Lake Michigan, he
- found himself redeemed from his thoughts of self- destruction
- by a private vision. He told himself, "You do not have the
- right to eliminate yourself. You belong to the universe."
- Years later he explained, "I made a bargain with myself that I'd
- discover the principles operative in the universe and turn them
- over to my fellow men."
-
- Then began his years of high creativity. He designed the
- Dymaxion House, an easily transported structure with roofs hung
- from a central mast and with outer walls of glass. He sought
- to give the design to the American Institute of Architects,
- which haughtily rejected all such "peas-in-the-pod-like
- reproducible designs." Years later the institute gave Fuller,
- who never formally studied architecture, a gold medal for his
- contributions to the field. In the early 1930s he produced the
- three-wheeled Dymaxion automobile, which attained 120- m.p.h.
- speeds using a standard 90-m.h.p. engine. The car was never
- manufactured commercially. After that, he invented the Dymaxion
- map, the first to show continents on a flat surface without
- distortion.
-
- In 1947, Fuller patented the geodesic dome, which used
- pyramid-shaped tetrahedrons to attain great strength without
- internal supports and to cover more space with less material
- than any other building ever designed. The first commercial
- sale was to the Ford Motor Co. Other geodesic domes housed
- DEW-line stations in the Arctic, a concert auditorium in
- Honolulu and the U.S. Pavilion at Expo '67 in Montreal.
-
- Most of Fuller's inventions, though influential, did not make
- him money. But his tireless preaching in favor of "synergetic"
- methods of seeking solutions to mankind's problems brought him
- a wide following. During the last two decades of his life he
- became a favorite of the hippies of the 1960s, the
- environmentalists of the 1970s and all who chose to believe with
- him that "we're at the point where humanity has the option to
- make it."
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